Helium leaks through the tiniest holes, including through very minor imperfections in welds. It can even diffuse through metal, even if there are no cracks/holes. Hydrogen is better at this than Helium. That is why they use Helium for leak detection. If the Helium does not leak, nothing else will.
The very essence of Leftism/Marxism is the Lie. Everything is a Lie. Making people lie is a psych tool to get them to do the most evil deeds. Guard the prisoners in death camps. Become a mob screaming for blood.
But there are Tells. Social isn't. Justice isn't. Ever. Social Justice is anti morality. Climate Justice is anti human. Neither have anything to do with humanity or the climate.
The Orwellian mind screw of forcing people to lie when they know the truth is very effective at wrecking the capacity for thinking about Anything with a clear head. Makes the victim a self hating fool that evil people can easily manipulate. Nobody really wants to hate themselves for lying to themselves, so it's soooo easy to point that hate at the Enemies of the evil manipulators.
And we're the Enemies of evil, or we're the tools. No middle ground Allowed by evil.
Joe*, While ruthless and cunning, was never a Smart guy, or an idealist. That's why he can give a speech ( written for him by professional word smiths ) saying one thing on Monday and the opposite on Wednesday, because his writers are following the polls on what sells.
Sure, mostly there's months between reversals, polls take time, and his script writers know if takes weeks to erase the memories of their audience, ( they have contempt for the working class and project their stupidity on them ) but Joe* doesn't care if his "positions" change, ( say, on illegal immigration ) since he doesn't care. It's all about the lie that works for that crowd. Joe* says he was raised in a Black church in a Black crowd, Puerto Rican, ditto, Jewish, ditto, with zero remorse or care that he lies. Whatever sells.
Plus the old age and probably senile dementia. That has nothing to do with Global Warming. But he wasn't a normal guy before it was invented to screw us, anyway.
I've had the honor of reading a contemporary copy of the journals of the Lewis and Clark expedition, ( local library in Nebraska ) and they describe thriving cities, multiple civilizations, some rivaling in population early 18th century New England cities.
All vanished in a few decades, covered by overgrowth, only documented by the Expedition and verbal legends from native tribes that were considered fiction until recently. Plague from contact with the Expedition and following traders, is the current theory, a population with no antibodies against the European immigrant's germs.
And the Pacific Islands are full of plague and slavery disasters as ships from Europe came through. Previous exploration/exploitation disasters may be hidden from time in secret Chinese forgotten troves/tombs, not yet looted, that escaped the erasure of history by the Mao regime.
See also Aztec floating gardens and Amazonian Terra preta.
Again, there are passed down stories of cities lost to fire from the sky.
Iirc, Sodom & Gamorrah story from the Bible was speculated to be a nuclear strike by Ancient Astronaut writers decades ago. Airburst cosmic events fit the story even better, there being no radiological evidence of a fission bomb found that I know of.
Alternatively, slightly more advanced technology that uses laser & pinch fusion without a fission initiator, is being researched today. Although you'd still find isotopic evidence in rocks from the Neutron flood. Might be interesting study to do albeit the archaeology community is very dogmatic and you'd risk your reputation.
I feel bad for them. They have been told their entire lives, by tv, movies, teachers, and professors, that they only have a few years to live and will die horribly in a climate catastrophe. Their delusion is regrettable, but understandable.
Might make sense. Solar is an available fuel source. We would have to haul liquid fuels and oxidizer from Earth. On the other hand, climbing out of the lunar gravity well is relatively easy, so it does not take much fuel.
There's pages of equations around specific impulse, or how fast you can throw reaction mass and how much, but the real killer is the cascade effect of weight.
Add a pound of payload, the thing you want to deliver, and you need a buncha pounds more fuel, a bigger tank to hold it which weighs more, so more fuel, so a bigger tank, so.....
You can't escape the need for an onboard rocket to change orbits, but if you can throw your space thing with a ground based catapult, you can get that initial speed without onboard fuel.
With limits, How many G's can your space thing take? No good delivering goo instead of passengers. And aerodynamic drag. The Moon is perfect for catapults...
There's an Online Comic, Girl Genius, Steampunk mad scientist set in a weird Victorian - ish world. Steam powered Robots, etc. It's great.
The Authors actually published Comic #0 before they started the story to establish the crazy world, and one part was a report on the project for Trans Atlantic flight, where they were using condemned prisoners as test subjects, and the complaint was that they were not sure what the range on the latest catapult was since the pods kept burning up from friction.
On Earth, the problem of fuel as payload is significant. On the moon or Mars, not so much. It is almost impossible to climb out of earth gravity. If earth were only slightly more massive, it would be impossible. You cannot carry enough fuel. Massively more efficient engines are helping.
Luna, 1/6 G, & Mars, 1/3 G, with near zip & thin air respectively, are prime candidates for catapult launch.
Terra, with our soup, can benefit from a rail up Pikes Peak, Mauna Loa, or Kilamanjaro, in order of distance from the Equator & ease of access by freight, all could be decent sites, but SpaceX does pretty good without the assist, plus you're hitting peak dynamic pressure while still on the rail. Big sonic boom. So outside science fiction I doubt we ever will use that tech, here. ( The Man Who Sold The Moon, by, guess who? )
Boy, the Karens would plotz over the noise...
I'm skeptical any of the big, cool, mega projects will be built until after there's an unlikely Enlightenment that eliminates Redacted and crushes The Other Death Cult, ( not specific to be polite ) since space elevators etc. are too vulnerable to terrorism.
A bomb in a Clarke tower would lay a burning whip across miles of landscape. Even on an Island like Sri Lanka, the casualties would be, Biblical? like a Veda on wars of the gods. True, that's worse case, but flying hijacked airliners into buildings was once too.
I'm also skeptical of vacuum tunnel trains, same reason. Oh, I'd ride one, but it's a risk.
I'm amused at my own habit of being "the safety nut" in most activities I freely accept the risks of. Volunteering to safety check gear, however, doesn't mean I Demand Regulations.
Motorcycle helmet use, I strongly encourage. But I'm not for it being law... Ditto the ATGATT guys, I don't disagree, but I wear jeans and sneakers with my jacket & lid. You want to go flip flops, shorts and nothing else, I'll mock you mercilessly for not wearing eye protection, but you do you.
Plans to deforestation the American South to build mega solar wastelands will have 2 easily predictable side effects. Only unexpected by the Cult.
An ACTUAL increase in Global Warming easily measured locally, as massive weed lots with solar panels are Hotter than forests. Plus herbicide chemical pollution to control the weeds and keep the panels from being overgrown.
The American South forests supply fast growing, sustainable wood energy to the U.K., A vital part of their fake Global Warming programs, and cutting that off will lead to major blackouts and energy rationing.
Leading to more leverage for Putin who supplies fuel to Europe, since Joe* refuses.
Elections have consequences and they're piling up.
I'm explaining to a car guy Monday, what I'm riding.
Usually, if they're a real gear head, just telling them a Buell is the motorcycle equivalent of a Shelby Cobra works fine. Big American Engine in a lightweight racing chassis.
But this guy's too young to remember the Cobra, and he doesn't even know the Viper, so I had to get... technical.
"Ok, it's the best handling bike in the world, arguably, Some disagree, taste is taste. Gobs of torque, 6 piston racing brake. Zero electronic driving aids. No traction control. No anti lock braking. Completely manual. And that's why I don't let anyone else ride it, because it will do what you tell it to do, very fast, and it won't ever try to stop you from doing something really stupid."
He then looks at his BWM 840 M series, and get's this look. "Yeah" I say. "What would that car do if you could turn off the computer?"
A good article, except for the statement "the seas rose, and the islands expanded with them".
Um...no.
You can look at ANY photo of ANY shoreline from hundreds of years ago...and another of the same shoreline today...and THERE IS NO CHANGE. Statue of Liberty, for example.
Now, sandy shores are a different story...but that's not "climate change"...it's EROSION. Wind, waves, storms...THAT is what takes away sandy beaches and dunes - NOT "climate change".